图：美国禁毒不力 无理“甩锅”中国

　　【大公报讯】美国毒品问题根深蒂固，近年鸦片类药物芬太尼氾滥成灾。这完全是美国政府治理不力导致的结果，但美国政客频频“甩锅”中国，污蔑中国非法出口芬太尼，声称中国应为美国的芬太尼危机负责。美国总统特朗普今年更无理对中国加征芬太尼关税，对中美在禁毒领域的对话与合作造成负面影响。

　　中国外交部发言人林剑此前强调，芬太尼是美国的问题，不是中国的问题，责任在美国自身。美方如果真心想同中方合作，就应该停止对华抹黑推责。\大公报记者 郭嘉

　　U.S. Fails to Combat Fentanyl Crisis, Falsely Blames China

　　The drug problem in the United States is deeply rooted, and in recent years, fentanyl-related issues have become rampant. It is the U.S.'s responsibility to address this crisis. However, U.S. politicians often shift the blame to China, accusing it of illegally exporting fentanyl and claiming that China should be held accountable for the fentanyl crisis. U.S. President Donald Trump even imposed tariffs on Chinese imports related to fentanyl, which undermined dialogue and cooperation between China and the U.S. in counternarcotics efforts.

　　Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian previously emphasized that fentanyl is the U.S.'s problem, not China's. If the U.S. truly wants to cooperate with China, it should stop vilifying the country.

　　1．中国禁毒政策最严格

　　美国污蔑中国“非法”大量出口芬太尼，事实上，中国是全球禁毒政策最严格、执行最彻底的国家。2019年4月1日，中国发布芬太尼类物质整类列管公告，并于当年5月1日起正式施行，成为全球范围内第一个对芬太尼类物质实施整类列管的国家。

　　中国国家药监局新闻发言人今年3月12日表示，2024年，中国芬太尼类药品原料药生产量为100公斤，主要用于国内医疗使用和出口；出口量为12.3公斤（以芬太尼类物质碱基计），主要出口至韩国、越南、菲律宾等国家。截至目前，中国从未向北美地区出口过芬太尼类药品。

　　China Implemented Strict Supervision Over Fentanyl

　　China exercises zero tolerance regarding drug issues and has implemented　　strict supervision over fentanyl-related substances. In 2024, China produced 100 kilograms of fentanyl-related medication, mainly for domestic medical use and export. Exports totaled 12.3 kilograms, mostly to South Korea, Vietnam, and the Philippines. China has never exported any type of fentanyl-related medication in any form to North America.

　　2．中国与各国开展禁毒合作

　　美国谎称中国“禁毒不力”，事实上，中国高度重视芬太尼类物质管控，严格监管芬太尼类药品，严密防范芬太尼类物质滥用，严厉打击走私、製贩芬太尼类物质违法犯罪。2019年5月芬太尼类物资整类列管后，中国公安部连续3年组织开展打击製贩芬太尼类物质等新型毒品专项行动；2023年，组织开展芬太尼类物质专项清理行动。芬太尼类物质整类列管后，中国未再查获向境外走私、贩卖芬太尼类物质犯罪案件。

　　中国与包括美国在内的各国开展富有成效的禁毒合作。中国公安部禁毒局与美国司法部缉毒署等禁毒部门保持日常热线联系。

　　Promoting Global Cooperation on Drug Control

　　After fentanyl-related substances were put under full control in May 2019, the Ministry of Public Security launched special campaignsfor three consecutive years to combat the illegal manufacturing and trafficking of fentanyl-related substances and other new drugs. In 2023, it launched a special campaign to eliminate fentanyl-related substances. Since implementing full control of fentanyl-related substances, China has not detected any further cases of smuggling or selling fentanyl-related substances abroad.

　　The Narcotics Control Bureau of China's Ministry of Public Security maintains daily hotline communication with the US Department of Justice's Drug Enforcement Administration.

　　3．转嫁治理失败责任

　　美国国内芬太尼滥用问题日益严重，同美国长期存在的毒品文化、製药业企业的利益驱动、美国政治中的推诿扯皮存在密不可分的关系。从30多年前开始，滥用鸦片类药物的问题在美国就已出现。目前美国已是全球最大的芬太尼类药品生产国和消费国，占世界人口总数5%的美国人消费了全球80%的鸦片类药物。美国政客在减少国内毒品需求、加强处方药管控等真正关键的工作上无所作为，却将中国当作替罪羊。

　　Shifting the Blame for Governance Failures

　　The problem of opioid abuse has persisted in the United States for over 30 years. Today, the U.S. is the world's largest producer and consumer of fentanyl-related medications, with Americans─who make up just 5% of the global population─accounting for 80% of the world's opioid consumption. American politicians have done little to tackle the critical issues of reducing domestic drug demand and strengthening prescription drug controls, yet they attempt to shift the blame for the fentanyl crisis onto China.

　　4．无理加征芬太尼关税

　　美国总统特朗普以芬太尼为由对中国产品加征20%关税毫无依据，是典型的保护主义、单边主义和霸凌主义行径。中方已多次表明，芬太尼是美国的问题，不是中国的问题。美方无视中方善意，对中国无理加征芬太尼关税，不仅无法解决美国国内芬太尼滥用问题，还严重冲击中美在禁毒领域的对话与合作，也将进一步损害美国的国际信誉和道德形象。

　　Unjustified Fentanyl Tariffs

　　The fentanyl issue is the U.S.'s problem, not China's. Despite the goodwill China has shown in cooperating with the US to address its concerns on the issue, the US administration has imposed fentanyl tariffs on Chinese imports. That move has significantly undermined dialogue and cooperation between China and the U.S. in counternarcotics efforts.

　　5．胡乱编造数据

　　特朗普等美国政客谈到毒品问题时经常信口开河，胡乱编造数据，凸显他们将毒品问题当作政治噱头，而不是真心想要解决问题。美国司法部长邦迪声称，特朗普政府收缴芬太尼将拯救“2.58亿人的生命”，相当于美国总人口的四分之三。特朗普近期为打击所谓委内瑞拉“运毒船”的行动辩护时更声称，去年美国有“3亿人”死于毒品。事实上，去年美国因滥药死亡人数约为8万。

　　Fabricating Data

　　United States attorney general Pam Bondi falsely claimed that recent fentanyl seizures would save "258 million lives."　　President Donald Trump attempted to justify the fatal U.S. strike on a Venezuelan boat by claiming that 300 million people, presumably Americans, died from drugs last year. However, the actual number of the actual number of drug overdose deaths in the U.S. last year was roughly 80,000.

　　话你知/何为芬太尼？

　　芬太尼是可作用于生物体内的鸦片受体、从而产生麻醉和镇痛作用的物质，属新型强效麻醉镇痛剂，效果可达吗啡的100倍，是联合国管制的麻醉药品。芬太尼最早由比利时药理学家保罗．杨森于1960年合成，20世纪60年代中期开始在欧洲被广泛使用。美国于1968年批准芬太尼用于医疗用途。

　　通过简单修饰芬太尼化学结构上的某个原子或基团，即可得到作用相近甚至更强的芬太尼衍生物。这些芬太尼类物质常被不法分子滥用，与海洛因、可卡因等毒品混合，使人上瘾；过量使用可导致昏迷、呼吸抑制甚至死亡。\大公报整理